Under a contract from San Francisco Human Services Agency, BPA assessed the whereabouts and well-being of the homeless individuals who exited the County Adult Assistance Program (CAAP) during the year following the May 2004 implementation of the Care Not Cash initiative. Passed by San Francisco voters in November 2002, Care Not Cash seeks to provide permanent housing and support services as a portion of the monthly County Adult Assistance Program (CAAP) benefits. Funding that would have otherwise been used for cash aid is now being used to expand permanent housing and services for the homeless population. The gradual 12-month implementation of Care Not Cash coincided with a dramatic decline in the CAAP homeless caseload from 2,497 in May 2004 to 533 in June 2005. This multi-method study involved analyzing CAAP caseload trends in the year following the implementation of Care Not Cash, conducting searches of a range to public benefit databases to determine leaver benefit receipt, and in-depth surveys with homeless leavers to assess their post-program housing, employment, and general well-being.